Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is transmitted through direct contact with the skin or mucous membranes of an infected person. Oral herpes is commonly spread through kissing or oral sex, while genital herpes is usually transmitted through sexual intercourse.

Even when no symptoms are present, the virus can still be shed and transmitted to others unknowingly.

Herpes symptoms include small blisters or ulcers at the site of infection, often accompanied by pain or itching. In oral herpes, symptoms typically appear on or around the lips, while in genital herpes, they appear around the genitals or anus.

During the initial infection, systemic symptoms such as fever or swollen lymph nodes may occur. In recurrent cases, symptoms tend to be milder, although this varies between individuals.

In addition to clinical observation, several tests are available to diagnose herpes by detecting the virus or antibodies.

These include viral culture from blisters or ulcers, PCR tests, and blood tests for antibodies.

These tests help determine whether a person is infected and identify the specific type of virus.

Herpes is treated primarily with antiviral medications such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir. These drugs help reduce the severity of symptoms and prevent recurrence.

Taking them during the first outbreak or at the onset of a recurrence can shorten the duration of symptoms and prevent complications.

However, they do not eliminate the virus completely, and recurrences are still possible.

Preventing herpes involves avoiding direct contact with infected individuals.

Using condoms during sexual activity and refraining from kissing or oral sex when symptoms of oral herpes are present are recommended. Washing hands after touching the affected area and avoiding sharing towels or utensils can also help prevent transmission.

To prevent recurrence, it is important to maintain a healthy immune system through regular sleep, a balanced lifestyle, and stress reduction.