Trichomoniasis is caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis and is primarily transmitted through vaginal intercourse. The parasite infects the urethra in men and the vagina in women.

It spreads via contact between the infected person’s genital secretions and the mucous membranes of their partner. Unprotected sex is the main risk factor.

Although rare, indirect transmission through towels, underwear, or bathtubs has also been suggested, but sexual contact remains the dominant route of infection.

While many cases are asymptomatic, women may experience yellow-green, frothy, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, genital itching, burning sensation, pain during intercourse, and discomfort while urinating.

Men may experience mild urethritis, discomfort during urination, and occasionally, complications such as prostatitis or epididymitis.

Even without symptoms, individuals can still transmit the infection, so it is important that both partners undergo testing and treatment.

Diagnosis involves either direct microscopic examination of vaginal secretions or urine to identify T. vaginalis, or PCR testing for more accurate detection.

Since its symptoms can resemble those of other STIs, proper diagnosis requires testing at a medical facility.

In men, urine or prostatic fluid samples are typically used, although detection rates tend to be lower than in women.

Trichomoniasis is treated with oral antiprotozoal medications such as metronidazole or tinidazole.

A single dose is usually effective in clearing the infection. However, to prevent reinfection, it is recommended that both partners be treated at the same time.

Because these medications may cause adverse reactions when combined with alcohol, patients should avoid alcohol during treatment and for at least 24 hours afterward.

Using condoms correctly and consistently is the most effective way to prevent trichomoniasis. This is especially important for individuals with multiple or new sexual partners.

Regular STI screenings are also recommended to monitor for possible infections. If infection is detected, it is crucial to inform sexual partners promptly and ensure they are tested and treated together to avoid reinfection or further spread.

A follow-up test is also advised to confirm complete recovery.