Meningitis is an infection primarily caused by Neisseria meningitidis, leading to inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Early symptoms include fever, headache, nausea, stiff neck, and altered consciousness. The disease progresses rapidly and can become life-threatening. In severe cases, it may lead to decreased consciousness, seizures, sepsis, and multiple organ failure, with a fatality rate of 8–15%. Infants, young people, and individuals in crowded environments—such as religious pilgrimages—are at particularly high risk, making early vaccination extremely important.

The most effective way to prevent meningococcal infections is vaccination with the MenACWY vaccine (quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine), which provides protection against serogroups A, C, W, and Y. For travelers to Saudi Arabia for Hajj or Umrah, presenting proof of MenACWY vaccination is mandatory for entry. Additionally, due to the increased risk of infection in densely populated areas or during extended stays, the World Health Organization (WHO) strongly recommends vaccination for travelers to regions such as the African “meningitis belt.”

MenACWY vaccination is typically administered as a single dose. The validity period depends on the type of vaccine: 3 years for polysaccharide vaccines and 5 years for conjugate vaccines. Immunity is established approximately 10 days after vaccination, so early preparation is essential for Hajj or Umrah travel. Some countries may require or recommend booster doses depending on the vaccine type and individual vaccination history. Please confirm the entry requirements in advance.