What are Cataracts?

A cataract is a condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to decreased vision. The lens is normally transparent and focuses light onto the retina, but aging, UV exposure, diabetes, and prolonged use of steroid medications can cause it to become opaque.

Cataract Examination Methods

The diagnosis of cataracts requires a detailed examination at an ophthalmology clinic. First, a visual acuity test is conducted to assess the degree of vision impairment. Then, a slit-lamp examination (biomicroscopy) is performed to observe the cloudiness of the lens, which helps evaluate the progression of cataracts.

Additionally, a fundus examination is performed to check the condition of the retina and optic nerve. As cataracts progress, the fundus becomes harder to see, so an ultrasound examination may be conducted to assess the condition of the eye’s interior when necessary.

Furthermore, intraocular pressure (IOP) tests and refraction tests are performed to check for other eye diseases. If cataracts are caused by diabetes, managing blood sugar levels is also crucial. These examinations help determine the condition of the cataracts and the need for treatment.

Cataract Treatment Methods

The treatment for cataracts depends on the progression of the condition. In the early stages, eye drops (such as those with antioxidant effects) may be used to slow down progression, but they do not provide a fundamental cure. If symptoms worsen and begin to interfere with daily life, surgery becomes necessary.

Cataract surgery involves removing the cloudy crystalline lens and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). The most common procedure is phacoemulsification, which involves making a small incision and using ultrasound to break up and remove the lens.

This method is characterized by minimal incisions and a short operation time. The surgery is typically performed under local anesthesia, and in many cases, it can be done as an outpatient procedure.

After surgery, a period of rest and the use of prescribed eye drops are necessary, but most patients regain good vision.

Cataract Prevention Methods

Although cataracts cannot be completely prevented, there are several ways to delay their onset and progression. First, ultraviolet (UV) light can cause protein degeneration in the lens, so wearing sunglasses or a hat on sunny days is essential for UV protection.

Additionally, consuming antioxidant-rich nutrients (such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and lutein) can help prevent eye aging. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption increase the risk of cataracts, so limiting these habits is recommended.

Furthermore, diabetes is a major risk factor for cataracts, making blood sugar management crucial. Regular eye check-ups are also important for early detection and timely intervention.

Frequently Asked Questions About Cataracts