Meningitis is an infectious disease primarily caused by the bacterium *Neisseria meningitidis* (meningococcus), which leads to inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord.


This disease is characterized by rapid clinical deterioration. Early symptoms include:


-Fever
-Headache
-Nausea
-Nuchal rigidity (stiff neck)
-Decreased consciousness (altered mental status)


Severe cases can lead to seizures, sepsis, and multi-organ failure, with a mortality rate ranging from **8% to 15%**. The risk of transmission is particularly high among infants, young adults, and in crowded environments—such as during the **Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages**. Therefore, timely vaccination is crucial for protection.

The most effective way to prevent meningococcal disease is with the MenACWY vaccine (Quadrivalent Meningitis Vaccine). This vaccine provides immunity against serogroups A, C, W, and Y.


There are two types of ACYW meningitis vaccines: MENACTRA® and MENIVAX® ACYW. MENACTRA® is a meningococcal conjugate vaccine, while MENIVAX® is a meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine.


In terms of administration, MENACTRA® is given via intramuscular injection (into the muscle), whereas MENIVAX® is administered via subcutaneous injection (into the fatty tissue). Regarding age requirements, MENACTRA® can be administered starting from 9 months of age, while MENIVAX® is suitable for those aged 2 years and older.


The choice of vaccine and its schedule should be adjusted based on age, health condition, and travel purposes, particularly for Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages.


Please note that proof of vaccination is a mandatory entry requirement for those traveling to Saudi Arabia for Hajj or Umrah. The WHO also strongly recommends vaccination for travelers heading to the “Meningitis Belt” in Africa and those living in high-density environments.

The MenACWY vaccine typically requires only a single dose. Meningitis vaccines can be administered to both children and adults, with the schedule adjusted according to the type of vaccine and age.


Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine:
Administered as 1 dose, and can be given starting from 2 years of age and older.


Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine:
– Children aged 9–23 months living in or traveling to endemic areas: 2 doses are given with a 3-month interval.
– Children aged 2 years and older: 1 dose is given.
– Adults: 1 dose is given.


Since it takes approximately 10 days for the vaccine to become fully effective, early preparation before departure is essential. Please check the specific requirements, as some countries may mandate revaccination based on your previous medical history.