{"id":936,"date":"2024-11-13T05:30:52","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T05:30:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dymmedicalclinic.id\/en\/?post_type=opd&#038;p=936"},"modified":"2024-11-13T05:38:47","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T05:38:47","slug":"hepatitis-b","status":"publish","type":"opd","link":"https:\/\/dymmedicalclinic.id\/en\/opd\/disease\/hepatitis-b\/","title":{"rendered":"Commentary on Hepatitis-B&#8217;s Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n.dim{\n\tfont-size: 24px;\n\tmargin: 50px 0 0px;\n\tbackground-color: #4cb5a0;\n\tcolor: #FFFFFF;\n\tborder-top: none;\n\tpadding-top: 0 !important;\n\tpadding: 10px 15px !important;\n}\n.usp {\nfont-size: 16px;\nline-height: 1.5;\nmargin-bottom: 20px;\n}<\/p>\n<p>.underline_02 {\n\/*background:linear-gradient(transparent 85%, #f4d20c 0%);\npadding: 0 0 10px 0;*\/<\/p>\n<p>border-bottom: solid 5px #f4d20c;\npadding: 0 0 6px 0;\n}\n.asxxs {\nbackground:linear-gradient(transparent 50%, rgba(246, 185, 104, 0.5) 50%);<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>.zvxb {\npadding: 0.5em 1em;\nmargin: 2em 0;\nfont-weight: bold;\ncolor: #6091d3;\nbackground: #FFF;\nborder: solid 3px #6091d3;\nborder-radius: 10px;\n}\n.zvxb p {\nmargin: 0; \npadding: 0;\n}<\/p>\n<p>#doctor .doctorbox{\n\tdisplay: flex;\n\tflex-wrap: wrap;\n\tjustify-content: flex-start;\n\tcolumn-gap: 2%;\n}\n#doctor .doctorbox .doctorpart{\n\twidth: 48%;\n\tmargin-bottom: 40px;\n\tdisplay: flex;\n\tjustify-content: space-between;\n\talign-items: center;\n}\n#doctor .doctorbox .doctorpart img{\n\twidth: 37%;\n}\n#doctor .doctorbox .doctorpart .text{\n\twidth: 60%;\n}\n#doctor .doctorbox .doctorpart .text .name{\n\tline-height: 1.5;\n\tfont-size: 15px;\n\tfont-weight: bold;\n\tmargin-bottom: 20px;\n}\n#doctor .doctorbox .doctorpart .text .detail li{\n\tpadding-left: 1em;\n\tborder-left: 4px solid #50b3a0;\n\tmargin-bottom: 7px;\n\tfont-size: 12px;\n}\n@media screen and (max-width: 768px){\n\t#doctor .doctorbox .doctorpart{\n\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t}\n\t#doctor .doctorbox .doctorpart img{\n\t\twidth: 32%;\n\t}\n\t#doctor .doctorbox .doctorpart .text{\n\t\twidth: 65%;\n\t}\n\t#doctor .doctorbox .doctorpart .text .name{\n\t\tfont-size: 14px;\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 15px;\n\t}\n}<\/p>\n<\/style>\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/dymmedicalclinic.id\/wp-content\/themes\/clinic\/style\/css\/pages\/department-test.css?v=20240717070928\">\n<div class=\"dim\">Disease overview<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"usp\" ><br \/>\nHepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), a major global health concern due to its potential to become chronic, leading to liver cirrhosis, liver failure, or cancer. It spreads through contact with infected bodily fluids, such as blood or saliva. While some people clear acute infections naturally, others develop chronic hepatitis B, particularly if infected at a young age. Chronic carriers face higher risks of serious liver diseases. Over 296 million people globally live with chronic HBV, and vaccination remains the most effective preventive measure alongside safe medical and personal practices.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<section id=\"cant\">\n<div class=\"dim\">Hepatitis-B in Indonesia<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"usp\" ><br \/>\nIndonesia has a high hepatitis B prevalence rate, especially in rural areas with limited healthcare access. Mother-to-child transmission during childbirth and limited vaccination coverage contribute to this high prevalence. The government has expanded vaccination efforts, yet remote areas face challenges in diagnosis and treatment access. Roughly 7% of Indonesia&#8217;s population carries the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), highlighting the public health burden. Health authorities continue to raise awareness and implement strategies to reduce transmission rates, focusing on underserved populations.<br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"dim\">infection route<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"usp\" ><br \/>\nHepatitis B is spread mainly through infected blood or body fluids. Key routes include mother-to-child transmission, horizontal transmission (infected child&#8217;s blood exposure to a healthy child), unprotected sexual contact, and sharing needles. Healthcare workers also face risks when exposed to contaminated blood. Unlike hepatitis A, HBV is not transmitted via casual contact or food. Preventive measures include safe medical practices and vaccination, especially for high-risk individuals.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"dim\">Symptoms<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"usp\" ><br \/>\nHepatitis B symptoms range from mild to severe, including fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, dark urine, joint pain, and jaundice. While many acute cases are asymptomatic, chronic infections may remain undetected until serious complications arise. Chronic carriers risk cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer, underscoring the need for regular liver monitoring through tests and HBV DNA assessments.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"dim\">Screening and Testing<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"usp\" ><br \/>\nHepatitis B testing involves three main blood tests: the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test to detect active infection, the hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) test to confirm past infection, and the hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) test to check for immunity, either from vaccination or previous infection. A positive HBsAg test indicates current infection, while a positive anti-HBc test shows past exposure to the virus. A positive anti-HBs test means the person is immune to HBV. If HBsAg remains positive for more than six months, the infection is considered chronic. People at higher risk\u2014such as those with a history of unprotected sex, injection drug users, healthcare workers, pregnant women, and individuals with certain medical conditions\u2014should get tested. Vaccination can still be given to people with prior infection or vaccination history, even if screening isn\u2019t available.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"dim\">Treatment<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"usp\" ><br \/>\nAcute hepatitis B often requires only supportive care, while chronic hepatitis B can be managed with antiviral medications like tenofovir or entecavir, which suppress viral activity to prevent liver damage. Although not curative, these medications control disease progression. In advanced cases, liver transplantation may be necessary. Regular monitoring for chronic patients is essential to detect liver disease or cancer early.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"dim\">Prevention Methods<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"usp\" ><br \/>\nVaccination is the most effective prevention for hepatitis B, typically administered in three doses, providing over 95% protection. Infants, especially at birth, are prioritized to prevent transmission from infected mothers. Other preventive measures include safe sex practices, avoiding needle sharing, and ensuring sterile medical equipment. For healthcare workers, protective gear and proper needle handling reduce exposure.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"yoyaku\" id=\"reserve\">\n<div class=\"title\">For Reservations and Inquiries<\/div>\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"box\">\n<div class=\"text\"><span>\\<\/span>For After-Hours Matters, Please Click Here!<span>\/<\/span><\/div>\n<p>        <a href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/message\/BL6BW4ALMJK7E1\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"line_btn\">\n            Make an appointment via Whatsapp\n        <\/div>\n<p>        <\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"box\">\n<div class=\"text\"><span>\\<\/span>For Urgent Matters During Clinic Hours, Please Click Here!<span>\/<span><\/div>\n<p>        <a href=\"tel:+62 21 8665 6830\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"tel_btn\">\n            +62 21 8665 6830\n        <\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"dim\">Source: <\/div>\n<p><span class=\"usp\" ><br \/>\nGuidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment for people with chronic hepatitis B infection. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Licence: CC BYNC-SA 3.0 IGO.<\/p>\n<p>Link: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240090903<br \/>\n<br \/>\nCDC.Clinical testing and diagnosis for. Hepatitis B. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-b\/hcp\/diagnosis-testing\/index.html<br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<script>\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\n        const scrollImg = document.querySelector('img.hold');\n        const offset = 150; \/\/ Adjust this value as needed\n        let timeoutId = null;\n        function onScroll() {\n            const rect = scrollImg.getBoundingClientRect();\n            const elemTop = rect.top;\n            const elemBottom = rect.bottom;\n            const isVisible = (elemTop >= 0) && (elemBottom <= window.innerHeight + offset);\n            if (isVisible) {\n                scrollImg.classList.add('visible');\n                \/\/ Clear any existing timeout to prevent premature removal of the visible class\n                if (timeoutId) {\n                    clearTimeout(timeoutId);\n                }\n                \/\/ Set timeout to remove the visible class after 1 second\n                timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {\n                    scrollImg.classList.remove('visible');\n                }, 500);\n            }\n        }\n        window.addEventListener('scroll', onScroll);\n        window.addEventListener('resize', onScroll);\n        \/\/ Initial check\n        onScroll();\n    });\n  <\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"parent":914,"menu_order":0,"template":"","acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dymmedicalclinic.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/opd\/936"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dymmedicalclinic.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/opd"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dymmedicalclinic.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/opd"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dymmedicalclinic.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/opd\/914"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dymmedicalclinic.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=936"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}